| English Language Teaching and learning methodology | | | | Student-centered teaching and learning-based courses, |
| and didactic approaches have been in an almost | | | | texts and programs developed at an increased rate.o |
| constant state of flux since the advent of the | | | | Noam Chomsky's theory of Transformational |
| Grammar - Translation method documented by | | | | Generative Grammar gave us greater insight into |
| German-American anthropologist Franz Boas and the | | | | language learning vs. language acquisition and of |
| Danish linguist Otto Jespersen during the early 20th | | | | structural linguistics.o Stephen Krashen et al provided |
| century. Each of the English language teaching and | | | | us with five hypotheses to deepen our insight into |
| learning methodology and didactic approaches of past | | | | language acquisition and learningo Psychologists Roger |
| decades has contributed to the state of the art that | | | | Sperry contributed the theory of Dual Psychology |
| now exists. Here are a few key contributors to ELT. | | | | which explained our two innate brains and Paul |
| Past Trends in ELT | | | | MacLean's Triune brain model postulated the three |
| Approximately every decade a new approach or | | | | layers of depth to our thinking and actionso Hermann's |
| methodology comes into vogue. Audio-lingual method, | | | | Brain Dominance Model allowed us improved |
| TPR, Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP), Direct | | | | understanding of how personality characteristics, |
| method, the Natural approach and the Communicative | | | | learning styles and language learning integrate.o |
| approach have all had their heydays. As elements of | | | | Several well-validated texts emerged in North |
| Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) began to | | | | America, Europe, Latin America and Asia as |
| grow, the very need for human teachers came briefly | | | | international and regional benchmarks for EFL |
| into question. Suddenly, everyone wanted to get | | | | curriculum. |
| "plugged in" like the hero in the movie "Matrix" and learn | | | | The listings could easily go on and on as there are |
| everything instantly. From Piaget to Pimsleur, ever | | | | many significant contributions that could be noted here. |
| widening facets of language and learning have been | | | | Each of the English language teaching and learning |
| ladled upon our world. Many theorists, linguists, language | | | | methodology and didactic approaches of past |
| researchers, educational psychologists and a sea of | | | | decades has contributed in part to our understanding |
| teachers have contributed to our knowledge and | | | | and applications of English as a foreign or second |
| understanding of the language teaching and learning | | | | language. The Total Physical Response of Asher put |
| processes. A few of the many major theories, events | | | | movement and motion into language learning getting |
| and trends which shaped ELT during past decades | | | | students out of their desks and into the flow, for |
| include:o Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple | | | | example. The article "Predictions of Trends in ELT for |
| Intelligences opened the way to more diversity of | | | | 2006: What to Expect in the Upcoming Year" will |
| activities focused on the students themselves and their | | | | discuss continuing developments we might expect. |
| innate skills, preferences and abilities.o | | | | |