"Make" vs "Do" in English

What do you do? What do you make? What's thesomething you choose to do. You choose, for instance,
difference, anyway, between "make" and "do"?to make plans, make friends, and make decisions. You
These simple words cause lots of confusion forhave choices.
English language learners . I've spent a considerableWhy do we say "make dinner" if we have to do it
amount of time teaching a very wide range of ESLover and over? Perhaps because cooking is seen
classes this distinction. Many ESL students strugglemore as a creative activity than a chore. But cleaning
with "make" and "do" - from advanced adult educationthe table, and cleaning the dishes are just chores so
and community college students to intermediate Englishwe say "do the table" and "do the dishes." That's also
students in summer courses and regular universitywhy Americans say "make money" instead of "do
courses. The large number of idioms furthermoney." Making money is seen as both creative and a
complicates the problem.choice.
Here is a quick, imprecise guide that helps clarify theIdioms, of course, are cultural and sometimes less than
issue.completely logical. Sometimes Americans will use the
Look at some common expressions with "do".verb make in a way that might seem strange, but I
• Do the dishes.urge immigrants and international students to "make a
• Do some chores.decision", "do your best", and learn some practical
• Do your work.workplace idioms using make and do.
• Do exercises.Finally, I encourage students to work together in small
• Do your best.groups and create their own list of idioms with make
• Do it over.and do. When I'm lucky and have time, I like to ask
• Do the report.students to come to the white board and write their
Do is used to describe an activity that you have to do,collection of idioms on the board. Homework, of
often over and over again. For instance, we "do thecourse, is asking them to choose 5-10 idioms and write
dishes" and "do the laundry" many times. Do alsocomplete sentences.
contains an element of duty and responsibility.One co-worker has students write questions with "do"
Now, take a look at some expressions with "make".and "make" and interview each other. Another prefers
• Please make time.using a multiple choice quiz. One ESL teacher emailed
• You make dinner.me that they compare and contrast "Mike Make" and
• You make drawings."Dudley Do Right" for students.
• You make decisions.So how do you teach the difference between do and
• You make plans.make to your English students? Do you have a
• Your make reservations.favorite exercise to teach this point? Have you found
• You make money.an exceptional list of idioms with do and make?
• You make amends.Consider me curious.
• You make friends.Ask more. Know more. Share more. Create
Make is used to describe a creative activity orCompelling Conversations.