TEFL, TESL and TESOL - What's the Difference?

If you are thinking of becoming an English languageStudents from an EFL background will generally have
teacher (ELT) to foreign students then you may bea limited communicative competence and smaller
confused with the many acronyms of the profession. Ifvocabulary range due to their lack of exposure to
you decide to take an English teaching qualification, aEnglish outside of the classroom. After the "English
quick look at the newspapers and internet will providelesson" ends many do not continue to practice their
you with a huge choice of courses but what is theEnglish and it is viewed as just another lesson like
difference between a TEFL and a TESL course, forScience or Math.
example?If you are a TEFL teacher then you are likely to teach
In truth, these days the distinction between the two isstudents who are not using it as part of their daily
becoming less important and there is a tendency forroutine. Therefore teachers need to encourage
content to overlap. There are still some fundamentalstudents to expose themselves to English as much as
differences, however.possible, e.g. read newspapers, magazines, use the
Teaching English as a Foreign LanguageInternet and watch TV and English speaking (or
TEFL - Teaching English as a Foreign Languagesubtitled) movies. Songs are another great motivator,
usually represents the acronym on a teachingespecially with teenagers.
certificate that means that you have qualified to teachThe teacher is likely have more limited resources and
students whose first (or second) language is notaccess to authentic and ELT materials
English. e.g. Poland, Thailand, Turkey, China, Russia,English classes may be geared more towards an
Brazil. In other words, English does not have a specialacademic goal, a globally recognized English certificate
status within that country. English is taught as a foreignsuch as IELTS or TOEFL. Content may also be wide
language and the aim of teaching is not for survival butranging including exposure to literature and more
is usually academically based, using the whole range ofemphasis on grammar than everyday functional
skills e.g. reading, writing, listening and speaking.situations.
This means that once a student leaves the classroomCommercial text book content usually focuses on
they are not usually immersed in English and thereforedeveloping the four skills, reading, writing, listening and
are not using it in much of their daily life.speaking.
Teaching English as a Second Language TESL -ESL students Students from an ESL background will
Teaching English as a Second Language has twogenerally have a larger vocabulary and higher level of
possible scenarios here:English communicative competence, due to their
English is used as a second language whereby nativesexposure to English outside of the classroom.
of a particular country and are likely to use it daily. e.g.The teacher has a greater choice of materials etc and
English is a common language to communicate andEnglish support outside of the school.
holds a special status as a medium of communicationMaterials will place a greater importance on themes
in government and education. It will have a commonbased on culture and social practices. There will usually
role in a multilingual setting like Singapore and India, forbe more emphasis on speaking and listening.
example. Within these countries English may be givenLearner motivation is likely to be higher as English is of
the status of an "official" language. e.g. In Dubai wherepractical use.
all government forms and utility bills are printed both inIf you are teaching immigrants and refugees in their
English and in Arabic, and English is widely used as theadopted native English speaking land then you will be
medium for education.concentrating mainly on functions and situations -
The term ESL is also commonly applied to immigrants,providing language, vocabulary and structures which
students and refugees who live within a countryare necessary to survive. e.g. at the doctors, at the
where English is the first language (such as the U.S.,airport, shopping, social communication and applying for
the U.K. or Australia) and who need to learn to functiona job.
in their host community as quickly as possible, in orderELT course books
to integrate effectively. They will need English for workELT course books may not make such direct
and education, and everyday activities such asdistinctions and therefore a course book should be
shopping and travelling i.e. any English which will enablechosen carefully to match the needs of each individual
them to survive. e.g. a Chinese family who havegroup of learners. However, it is true to say that the
emigrated to the United Kingdom.cultural components of most commercially produced
TESL usually ignores literature and more academiccourse books, and the linguistic varieties taught, are still
concepts that are not considered necessary forbased mainly on English speaking environments (the
survival at a functional level.UK and North America) - although recently publishers
Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languagesare seeking to move away from this and provide a
TESOL - Teaching English to Speakers of Othermore global prospective.
Languages is now used in many countries and is aThese days vary rarely does a school director make
common term developed in the USA. TESOL makesany distinction between TEFL and TESL when
no distinction between foreign and second languageemploying language teachers and the terms foreign
learners and is therefore a general term for teachingand second language are becoming less important.
those whose mother tongue is not English.With English now having the status of a global
What is the difference for an English Teacher?language and with the increasing in Internet use, today's
Some needs of an ESL student are different to thatyounger generations are becoming more and more
of an EFL learner:exposed to English in their daily lives.
EFL students